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sonal_shahi
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heat transferthermodynamics
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    Aastha_tandukar Beginner

    Similarities i) Work transfer and heat transfer are transient phenomena. Systems do not possess heat or work. Whenever systems undergo changes of state, they can cross the system boundary. ii) They are observed only at the boundaries of the system. iii) They are path functions and inexact differentiRead more

    Similarities

    i) Work transfer and heat transfer are transient phenomena. Systems do not possess heat or work. Whenever systems undergo changes of state, they can cross the system boundary.

    ii) They are observed only at the boundaries of the system.

    iii) They are path functions and inexact differentials.

    iv) They are not a property of a system.

     

    Differences:

    i) Work transfer is defined as the way by which a system may exchange energy with its surroundings. Work is said to be transferred if a certain system is displaced by a force in the direction of it.

    Heat transfer is defined as the form of energy that is transferred across the boundary of a system at a given temperature to another system or the surrounding at a lower temperature by virtue of the temperature difference between the two systems.

    ii) In thermodynamics, the work done by the system is considered as positive work transfer and work done on the system is considered as negative work transfer whereas heat transferred to a system is considered as positive heat transfer and heat transfer from a system is considered as negative heat transfer.

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lidiya thapa
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civil engineeringcompaction curve
  1. kirpathapa Beginner

    A curve which is plotted between the water content as abscissa and the corresponding dry density as ordinate is known as compaction curve. Salient features of compaction curves are: i) The curve is usually of a hyperbolic form when the points obtained from the tests are smoothly joined. ii) The peakRead more

    A curve which is plotted between the water content as abscissa and the corresponding dry density as ordinate is known as compaction curve.

    Salient features of compaction curves are:

    i) The curve is usually of a hyperbolic form when the points obtained from the tests are smoothly joined.

    ii) The peak point of compaction curve is the point with the maximum dry density, corresponding to maximum dry density is water content is known as optimum water content.

    iii) At water content lower the O.M.C. the soil is rather stiff and has lot of void spaces and therefore dry density is low.

    iv) Water content beyond the O.M.C. reduces the dry density because the extra water start occupying the space which otherwise could have been occupied by soil grains under compaction.

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Aastha_tandukar
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heat transferthermodynamics
  1. sonal_shahi Beginner

    The characteristics of steady state steady flow process are; i) A steady state process is defined as a process during which a fluid flows through  a control volume steadily. ii) At a steady state of a system, any thermodynamic property will have a fixed value at a particular location and will not alRead more

    The characteristics of steady state steady flow process are;

    i) A steady state process is defined as a process during which a fluid flows through  a control volume steadily.

    ii) At a steady state of a system, any thermodynamic property will have a fixed value at a particular location and will not alter with time. Therefore, volume, mass, and total energy content of the control volume remain constant during a steady state process.

    iii) During steady state process, no intensive or extensive properties within the control volume change with time.

    iv) The boundary work transfer is zero for steady state system and the total mass or energy entering a control volume must be equals total mass or energy leaving it.

    v) The fluid properties at an inlet or an outlet remain constant during a steady state process. The properties may be different at different inlets and outlets. They might vary over the cross  section of an inlet or an outlet. However, all properties including velocity and elevation must remain constant with time at a fixed point at an inlet or an outlet. It follows that mass flow rate of fluid at an opening must remain constant during a steady state process.

    vi) The fluid properties at an opening are usually considered to be uniformed over the cross section. Thus, the  fluid properties at an inlet or an outlet may be specified by the average single values.

    vii) The heat and work interactions between a steady state process and its surroundings do not change with time. Hence, power delivered by a system remains constant during a  steady state process.

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lidiya thapa
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engineering surveyhigh alignmenttransportation engineering
  1. Pasang Sherpa

    Inverted U-tube manometers are suitable for the measurement of small pressure difference in liquids. There are used when more precise results are required as inverted U-tube manometer is more sensitive as compared to others. Single column inclined manometer are used for the measurement of small presRead more

    Inverted U-tube manometers are suitable for the measurement of small pressure difference in liquids. There are used when more precise results are required as inverted U-tube manometer is more sensitive as compared to others.

    Single column inclined manometer are used for the measurement of small pressures and is more sensitive than the vertical one. This can also be used for measuring negative gauge pressure

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Aastha_tandukar
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heat transferthermodynamics
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    sonal_shahi Beginner

    First law of thermodynamics states that during any cycle that a system undergoes, the cyclic integral of the heat equals cyclic integrals of the work. The first law, however, places no restriction on the direction of flow of heat and work. A cycle in which a given amount of heat is transferred fromRead more

    First law of thermodynamics states that during any cycle that a system undergoes, the cyclic integral of the heat equals cyclic integrals of the work. The first law, however, places no restriction on the direction of flow of heat and work. A cycle in which a given amount of heat is transferred from the system and an equal amount of work is done on the system satisfies the first law just as well as a cyclic in which the flow of heat and work are reversed. However, we know from our experience that a proposed cycle that does not violate the first law does not ensure that the cycle will actually occur. It is a kind of experimental evidence that led to the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. Thus a cycle will occur only if both the first law and second law of thermodynamics are satisfied.

    Consider a hot water glass left in a cooler room that eventually cools off. This process satisfies the first law of thermodynamics as the amount of energy lost by hot water equals amount of heat gained by the surroundings. If we consider a reverse process, i.e., hot water getting even hotter in a cooler room as a result of heat transfer from the room air. It is obvious that this process never takes place. Furthermore, this process does not violet first law of thermodynamics as long as amount heat lost by air equals the amount of heat gained by hot water

    Gasoline is  used as a car drives up hill, but the fuel in gasoline tank cannot be restored to it’s original level when car coasts down the hill. However, this process as well does not violate first law of thermodynamics.

    These arguments clarify that processes proceed in a certain directions and not in the reverse direction. The first law of thermodynamics places no restriction on the direction of a processes and satisfying the first law of thermodynamics does not ensure that the process can actually occur. This inadequacy of the first law of thermodynamics to identify whether a process can take place in remedied by introducing another general principle, called second law of thermodynamics. The reversed processed discussed in above examples violet the second law of thermodynamics.

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Aastha_tandukar
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energyenergy transferquestionthermodynamics
  1. sonal_shahi Beginner

    The ability to perform work is said to be energy of a system. Alternatively, energy of a system can be defined as capacity of system to exert force for a certain interval. If a system has high energy content, it can provide higher magnitude of force for longer interval of time. Exchange of energy acRead more

    The ability to perform work is said to be energy of a system. Alternatively, energy of a system can be defined as capacity of system to exert force for a certain interval. If a system has high energy content, it can provide higher magnitude of force for longer interval of time.

    Exchange of energy across the boundary of a system due to the intensive property difference between system and surrounding is said to be energy transfer. Energy transfer occurs as heat transfer or work transfer.

    A form of energy which constitutes total energy of a system, remains within the system boundary as inherent property of a system is said to be stored energy. Internal energy, potential energy, kinetic energy,etc., are examples of stored energy. Stored energy has unique value for each equilibrium state and is independent of path. Hence, it is a thermodynamic property.

    A form of energy that can cross the boundary of a system during thermodynamic process is said to be transient energy. Heat transfer and work transfer are examples of transient energy. Transient energy is a a dynamic form of energy and do not have unique value for each equilibrium state. It depends on properties of system as well as properties of surrounding. It is dependent on path. Thus, it is not thermodynamic property.

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Anonymous
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environmentsocietytechnology
  1. sonal_shahi Beginner

    Middle Ages, the period in the history of Europe that lasted from about AD 350 to about 1450. by the end of the middle ages, many Modern Europeans states had taken shape. The term middle ages was invested by people during the renaissance, a period of cultural and literary change in the 13th, 14th anRead more

    Middle Ages, the period in the history of Europe that lasted from about AD 350 to about 1450. by the end of the middle ages, many Modern Europeans states had taken shape. The term middle ages was invested by people during the renaissance, a period of cultural and literary change in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. During the Renaissance, people through that their own age and the time of ancient Greece and Rome were advanced, sophisticated enlightened and civilized the adjective medieval comes from the Latin words for this term, medium (middle) and aevum (age).

    Modern cities grew out of medieval ones. Although ancient cities had existed before the middle ages, they had been centers of political and religious life, not centers of commerce. Medical clinics, in contract, were primarily commercial. They were supported by trade, exchange, production, consumption and moneymaking. Many of the sorts of businesses that exist today, such as banks and corporation, can map out their ancestry to the middle ages. The history of the middle age (13th, 14th and 15th century) is a story of ceaseless borrowing, adaptation and change with  aggrandizement in various pre-requisite of development.

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lidiya thapa
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environmentquestionsocietytechnology
  1. kirpathapa Beginner

    Accumulation of any substances in the air in the sufficient concentration to effect man, animals, vegetation or other materials is called air pollution. Water pollution is defined as the presence of various types of impurities that tends to degrade its quality and either constitutes a health hazardRead more

    Accumulation of any substances in the air in the sufficient concentration to effect man, animals, vegetation or other materials is called air pollution.

    Water pollution is defined as the presence of various types of impurities that tends to degrade its quality and either constitutes a health hazard or otherwise decrease the utility of water.

    Sources of water pollution

    Natural: Soil erosion, solutions of mineral in water, rain water, storms, earthquake. seawater intrusion, dust/dirt falling from atmosphere, deposition of animal wastes and fallen leaves, etc.

    Man made: Due to agriculture, sewage, wastes, industry

    Mitigation measures of water pollution

    • Treatment of sewage
    • Treatment of industrial waste
    • Providing training and technical facilities in industry to treat waste water
    • Not using water source for discharging sewage
    • Rules and regulations for controlling pollution
    • Proper planning of towns
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chutiyappa
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Honestly, I am really f**** by this subject. Khasai kei aunna and I don’t know about this fix question as well. Back aisakyo. Please guide me. Share some numericals solved for fopl resolution method. I have system inception book but ...

  1. Aashutosh Jha Beginner
    This answer was edited.

    Question alik clear vayena… FOPL lai alik explain garnuna

    Question alik clear vayena… FOPL lai alik explain garnuna

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Aastha_tandukar
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heat transferthermodynamics
  1. sonal_shahi Beginner

    The perpetual motion was originally conceived as a purely mechanical contrivance when once set in motion would continue to run forever. Such a machine would be merely a curiosity of no practical value and we know that the presence of friction makes it impossible. One would be of immense value is a mRead more

    The perpetual motion was originally conceived as a purely mechanical contrivance when once set in motion would continue to run forever. Such a machine would be merely a curiosity of no practical value and we know that the presence of friction makes it impossible. One would be of immense value is a machine producing a continuous supply of work without absorbing energy from the surroundings, such as a machine is called a perpetual motion machine of the first kind.

    It is always possible to devise a machine to deliver a limited quantity of work without requiring a source of energy in the surroundings. For example, a gas compressed behind a piston will expand and do work at the expense of the internal work of the gas. Such a device cannot produce work continuously, however, for this to be achieved the machine must be capable of undergoing a succession of cyclic processes. An equation  ΣδQ=ΣδW states that if a net amount of heat is not supplied by the surroundings during a cycle, no net amount of work can be delivered by the system. Hence, the first law of thermodynamics implies that a perpetual motion machine of the first kind is impossible.

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