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Home/environment

IOE Syllabus Latest Questions

Yanji Sherpa
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Yanji Sherpa
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Others

What causes indoor air pollution? What could be done to rural Nepal?

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environmentsocietytechnology
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kirpathapa
  • 1
kirpathapaBeginner
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Others

Describe ecosystem and describe its characteristics.

  • 1

 

environmentquestionsocietytechnology
  1. lidiya thapa Beginner
    Added an answer on December 14, 2021 at 2:01 pm

    An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment (things like air, wider and mineral soil), interacting as a system. Ecosystem is a natural unit which consists of biotic communities and their abiotic environment. It is also Basic funcRead more

    An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment (things like air, wider and mineral soil), interacting as a system. Ecosystem is a natural unit which consists of biotic communities and their abiotic environment. It is also Basic functional unit in ecology. Energy, water, nitrogen and soil  minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. Ecosystem are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, parent material that forms the soil, typography, etc. and internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present.

     

    Characteristics of Ecosystem:

    i) Biotic component: producer (green plants), consumers (animals), decomposers (microorganisms)

    ii) Abiotic component: Air, water, soil

    iii) Energy flow: Sun is the  main source of energy

    iv) Matter

    v) Interrelationship

    vi) Biological integration

    vii) Flexibility

    viii) Ecological regulation

    ix) Smallest unit of biosphere

    x) An open system with a continuous, but variable influx and loss of materials and energy.

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Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Others

Discuss intellectual revival of Europe in 13 to 15th century.

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environmentsocietytechnology
  1. sonal_shahi Beginner
    Added an answer on December 14, 2021 at 2:00 pm

    Middle Ages, the period in the history of Europe that lasted from about AD 350 to about 1450. by the end of the middle ages, many Modern Europeans states had taken shape. The term middle ages was invested by people during the renaissance, a period of cultural and literary change in the 13th, 14th anRead more

    Middle Ages, the period in the history of Europe that lasted from about AD 350 to about 1450. by the end of the middle ages, many Modern Europeans states had taken shape. The term middle ages was invested by people during the renaissance, a period of cultural and literary change in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. During the Renaissance, people through that their own age and the time of ancient Greece and Rome were advanced, sophisticated enlightened and civilized the adjective medieval comes from the Latin words for this term, medium (middle) and aevum (age).

    Modern cities grew out of medieval ones. Although ancient cities had existed before the middle ages, they had been centers of political and religious life, not centers of commerce. Medical clinics, in contract, were primarily commercial. They were supported by trade, exchange, production, consumption and moneymaking. Many of the sorts of businesses that exist today, such as banks and corporation, can map out their ancestry to the middle ages. The history of the middle age (13th, 14th and 15th century) is a story of ceaseless borrowing, adaptation and change with  aggrandizement in various pre-requisite of development.

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lidiya thapa
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lidiya thapaBeginner
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Others

What are the sources of air and water pollution? Write some mitigation measures of water and air pollution.

  • 1

 

environmentquestionsocietytechnology
  1. kirpathapa Beginner
    Added an answer on December 14, 2021 at 1:59 pm

    Accumulation of any substances in the air in the sufficient concentration to effect man, animals, vegetation or other materials is called air pollution. Water pollution is defined as the presence of various types of impurities that tends to degrade its quality and either constitutes a health hazardRead more

    Accumulation of any substances in the air in the sufficient concentration to effect man, animals, vegetation or other materials is called air pollution.

    Water pollution is defined as the presence of various types of impurities that tends to degrade its quality and either constitutes a health hazard or otherwise decrease the utility of water.

    Sources of water pollution

    Natural: Soil erosion, solutions of mineral in water, rain water, storms, earthquake. seawater intrusion, dust/dirt falling from atmosphere, deposition of animal wastes and fallen leaves, etc.

    Man made: Due to agriculture, sewage, wastes, industry

    Mitigation measures of water pollution

    • Treatment of sewage
    • Treatment of industrial waste
    • Providing training and technical facilities in industry to treat waste water
    • Not using water source for discharging sewage
    • Rules and regulations for controlling pollution
    • Proper planning of towns
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sonal_shahi
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sonal_shahiBeginner
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Others

How participatory approach encourage to empowerment community in development activity?

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environmentsocietytechnology
  1. Aastha_tandukar Beginner
    Added an answer on December 14, 2021 at 1:54 pm

    Participatory approach tries to engage local population in development project. Development projects will be more sustainable and successful if local population is engaged in the development process. Participatory approach has become an increasingly accepted method of development practice and is empRead more

    Participatory approach tries to engage local population in development project. Development projects will be more sustainable and successful if local population is engaged in the development process. Participatory approach has become an increasingly accepted method of development practice and is employed by a variety of organizations. It is often presented as an alternative to mainstream “top down” development.
    Participatory methodologies that take as their starting point a commitment to social and economic justices, as well as empowerment, are control to meeting the challenges of peace building. People-centered or transformative participation focuses on issues of power and control. It is concerned about the nature of a community and not simply the technical and managerial aspects of organizations and participation in them from this perspective, participation is about power and particularly about an increase in the power of the disadvantaged. It requires a capacity to identify those who are weaker and disenfranchised within a community and to empower them through shared knowledge and experience.

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lidiya thapa
  • 2
lidiya thapaBeginner
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Others

Describe the importance of national parks, conservation areas and forestation programs in Nepal as an effective strategy to reduce green house gas emission.

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environmentquestionsocietytechnology
  1. kirpathapa Beginner
    Added an answer on December 14, 2021 at 1:53 pm

    Emission of Green house gases is the main cause of climate change. Green house gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gas, etc. These gases are produced primarily through the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), solid waste and trees and wood products but alsoRead more

    Emission of Green house gases is the main cause of climate change. Green house gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gas, etc. These gases are produced primarily through the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), solid waste and trees and wood products but also deforestation and soil degradation add carbon dioxide  to the atmosphere and re-growth of forest can be supplemented b y conserving them. Following points describe national parks and conservation area important in Nepal as an effective strategy to reduce green house gas emission:

    • Control on deforestation will achieved, which make people to rely on other means of energy such as bio gas for daily activities such as for cooking food, which automatic results reduction in GHG.
    • It helps to promote of renewable energy.
    • Conservation on biodiversity through national parks help to make environment healthy.
    • People can travel, trek, spend time and get enjoyment based on machinery engine will not be used in vast amount and emission of automobiles reduces.
    • Concept of national park and conservation area helps to develop concept and awareness about environment protection.
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Yanji Sherpa
  • 1
Yanji Sherpa
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Others

Describe ecosystem and describe its characteristics.

  • 1

 

environmentsocietytechnology
  1. prashantrajbhikshu Beginner
    Added an answer on December 14, 2021 at 3:23 pm

    An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment (things like air, wider and mineral soil), interacting as a system. Ecosystem is a natural unit which consists of biotic communities and their abiotic environment. It is also Basic funcRead more

    An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment (things like air, wider and mineral soil), interacting as a system. Ecosystem is a natural unit which consists of biotic communities and their abiotic environment. It is also Basic functional unit in ecology. Energy, water, nitrogen and soil  minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. Ecosystem are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, parent material that forms the soil, typography, etc. and internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present.

     

    Characteristics of Ecosystem:

    i) Biotic component: producer (green plants), consumers (animals), decomposers (microorganisms)

    ii) Abiotic component: Air, water, soil

    iii) Energy flow: Sun is the  main source of energy

    iv) Matter

    v) Interrelationship

    vi) Biological integration

    vii) Flexibility

    viii) Ecological regulation

    ix) Smallest unit of biosphere

    x) An open system with a continuous, but variable influx and loss of materials and energy.

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kirpathapa
  • 1
kirpathapaBeginner
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Others

What do you mean by climate change? Write major symptoms of climate changes in Nepal.

  • 1

 

environmentsocietytechnology
  1. lidiya thapa Beginner
    Added an answer on December 14, 2021 at 1:52 pm

    Climate change is a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, altering the composition of the global atmosphere. It is the significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over a period ranging from decades to millions of years.Read more

    Climate change is a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, altering the composition of the global atmosphere. It is the significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over a period ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events.)

    Symptoms of climate change in Nepal are:

    • Rise in temperature: 0.3 to 0.6 deg c in the last century.
    • Melting of glaciers 1-2 mm/year over the last century in higher Himalaya and results flooding of coastal areas, beach erosion, saltwater
    • Effect on water resources: change in the pattern of evaporation and precipitation, increase in evaporation and precipitation, more precipitation on the form of rain, increase in runoff
    • Effects on storms and desertification: more storms, expansion of deserts and sub-arid areas with higher evaporation
    • Forest fire due to environmental warning
    • Increment of patient in hospital
    • Winter season getting colder and summer season getting hotter as compared to last year
    • Ecological effect: effect on agriculture and forest ecosystem
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sonal_shahi
  • 1
sonal_shahiBeginner
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Mechanical

Technology can control price” Do you agree with this statement.Support your view with example.

  • 1

 

environmentsocietytechnology
  1. Aastha_tandukar Beginner
    Added an answer on December 14, 2021 at 1:47 pm

    I am agreeing with that statement “technology can control price because of: i) Automation Increase in the production rate at low price with the help of modern tools like automation, management techniques etc. ii) Improved speed The advancement of technology allows professionals to share informationRead more

    I am agreeing with that statement “technology can control price because of:

    i) Automation

    Increase in the production rate at low price with the help of modern tools like automation, management techniques etc.

    ii) Improved speed

    The advancement of technology allows professionals to share information quickly and securely. This saves time, allowing for decision to be made faster and projects to be completed earlier.

    iii) More consumption of goods due to reduction in price

    According to supply-demand chain, low price due to more consumption. For example, electronic goods are cheaper now than yesterday.

    iv) Lessen mistake and errors

    Manufacturing cost shouldn’t be just above the finished product. If the product is faulty, this will also be a liability to the company. we have to deal with the cost of repairs. With new technology, it is possible to lessen mistakes and errors. In effect, it can lessen the number of products returned from the market. It also makes the customers happy, improving the overall reputation of the company.

    v) Lessen energy cost

    Green and efficient technology is now in demand. And it is in demand for good reasons. It performs the same amount of work for a business but also saves the environment in the process. For example the technology utilized by business to save energy is motion sensor switches. This means that an area will not light up unless there’s someone moving in the room.

    vi) Reduce the need of manpower

    Technological advancement can help give companies the chance to operate with a lower number of employees. If we look at car companies, for instance, they manufacture mostly with the help of machines with just a few technicians on standby to supervise if something goes wrong with the machines. That reduce the cost of the product

    vii) Productivity monitoring

    Productivity monitoring is just as important as the actual manufacturing process. New technology can help companies check if their production process is lagging. And, if there is an area where it needs improvement, it is easier to provide corrections and adjustments.

    For examples;

    Online shopping and payment system can reduce cost of clothes, electronic products etc., recharging sim card through online banking we get 2 percent benefit, High technology instrument help to carry out heavy construction work with short period of time that help to reduce construction cost.

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Aastha_tandukar
  • 0
Aastha_tandukarBeginner
Asked: December 14, 2021In: Mechanical

Define technology. As a civil engineer how has you been benefited by technology?

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environmentsocietytechnology
  1. sonal_shahi Beginner
    Added an answer on January 2, 2022 at 12:30 pm

    The definition of technology is science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools. It is an application of science to solve a problem. Technology refers to the practical application of scientific knowledge for a purpose. it also includes the capability and skills rRead more

    The definition of technology is science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools. It is an application of science to solve a problem. Technology refers to the practical application of scientific knowledge for a purpose. it also includes the capability and skills required to apply the knowledge.

    There is a revolution in civil engineering happening due to technology. From drones to innovative construction materials, be on the looked for how technology will influence, impact and improve the civil engineering industry in twenty first century.

    In recent decay, the most one benefit from technology taken by a civil engineer is software tool in design part.

    Software packages are to the civil engineers what a towel is to a mason. In short, a civil engineer, through a mathematical model, analyze the behavior of construction materials, from the result of these analysis he or she can select the appropriate material and their combination for an efficient design. Software packages streamline these processes, allowing the engineer to do fast and accurate computation using different mathematical model and output them in a human-friendly graphical representation and effectively easing cross-disciplinary collaboration. A design process that could have taken years now could be reduced to a couple of weeks.

    Similarly like design part, the benefit of technology taken by civil engineer in other area are described below.

    i) More efficient daily operations

    In the part, construction companies faced the challenge of creating and sharing design information in real time. Designers and other professional would have to manually draw up sketches, project outlines and illustration. They would then have to send the sketches to relevant personnel and customers for review and approval.

    With construction technology, project managers can use software to co-ordinate projects, share digital sketches and receive feedback in real time. In this way, the daily operations of construction companies large and small are improving significantly.

    Construction technology also allows users to co-ordinate information across departments and with their clients. This results in a less costly and more streamlined daily operational model, with reduced changes orders and miscommunication.

    ii) Smarter and more durable structures

    Construction technologies produce smarter and more durable structures in two main ways:

    a) By designing better from scratch.

    b) By retrofitting existing structures for increased durability

    iii) Use of better tools

    Implementing construction technology is all about taking advantage of the best tools on the market today, and using them to create better work. Whether it’s using 3D imaging to generate more interactive models, laser scanning to facilitate efficient renovations or estimating systems that allow you to reduce costs, there is no shortage of platforms to improve your business.

    iv) Better client services

    For many years, the construction industry has had the challenge of communicating information efficiently to clients; owners would have to frequently visit the construction site to see how their project was proceeding and to ensure high standards of quality.

    v) Innovation

    Much of the innovation in the construction industry is being driven by technological advancements and with new software features added to platforms on a frequent basis, construction professionals are constantly presented with new opportunities for growth.

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